Harlem Analysis Essay

Langston Hughes short poem, â€Å"Harlem,† seeks to understand what happens to a dream when it is put on hold. Hughes uses vivid imagery and similes to make an effort to describe what the consequences are to a dream that is lost. He attempts to bring to the attention the life of a Negro and how so many dreams are put off to the side because of prejudice against African Americans. The tone, imagery, and diction of Langston Hughes poem, â€Å"Harlem,† will be discussed in this paper. â€Å"Harlem† was written in 1951, which was around the time where prejudice against African Americans was still present (Cummings). Earlier, the civil war â€Å"had liberated them from slavery, and federal laws had granted them the right to vote, the right to own property, and so on† (Cummings). Although these civil rights were given to African Americans, prejudice continued to be a problem in society. They were put into poorly run segregated schools, given unskilled jobs, and were not allowed to use the same â€Å"public facilities† as white people (Cummings). This background information helps define the tone of the poem. The feeling of anger and frustration are conveyed through Hughes poem. Hughes was frustrated with the fact that their skin color was holding them back from pursuing their dreams. He asks a series of rhetorical questions to build up to the last line â€Å"Or does it explode? † (Hughes 691). This line sets the overall tone of the poem by describing the build up of the anger the blacks had toward the white oppression. Hughes final message of the poem is that this resentment they have held inside for so long will soon explode causing both political and social damage. The use of imagery is prevalent throughout this poem. Hughes begins the poem by asking, â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? † (690). From there he uses vivid imagery in the form of similes to paint a picture of someone’s dream that is wasting away. The images he uses touch on all five senses: sight, touch, smell, taste, and hearing. In the first two lines he uses the sense of taste by comparing a deferred dream to a raisin drying up in the sun. The original dream is a fresh, sweet grape but when it is put off to the side it dries up and turns into a black raisin. In lines four and five Hughes uses the sense of touch by comparing a dream to a sore by stating â€Å"Or fester like a sore/ and then run? † (609). A sore on our body is apart of us, just like an unfulfilled dream. An untreated sore will eventually become infected, just like a deferred dream will become more intense over time. The next line uses the sense of smell to describe a dream by comparing it to a â€Å"stink of rotten meat† (Hughes 690). Hughes is trying to convey that a dream that is put off will become less appealing. Lines seven and eight compare a dream to the sense of taste by stating, â€Å"Or crust and sugar over/ like a syrupy sweet? † (Hughes 690). This simile is describing that over time this dream will be â€Å"crusted† over and forgotten about. This last question then transitions into the only statement in the poem, â€Å"Maybe it just sags/ like a heavy load. † (Hughes 691). This statement is describing the heavy burden that is put on the dreamer. It creates an image of defeat. The final question uses the sense of hearing by saying â€Å"Or does it explode? (Hughes 690). This line describes that if this dream continues to be put off, it will eventually explode and chaos will spread. These images help establish the situation and setting of the poem. The oppression of African American’s dreams will ultimately cause an â€Å"explosion† of resentment and hate toward the white race. The diction of the poem seems to be very straightforward. Hughes chose his words very carefully to have a meaning that must be interpreted by the reader. In line four, Hughes chose the word â€Å"fester† to represent the anger and resentment that had been building up inside African Americans from being treated unequally. The word â€Å"explode† is used to represent the violence and chaos that will be the result of the festering anger that’s building up. The word â€Å"rotten† also has significance towards it. If you put something aside and leave it there for a long period of time, especially meat, it will become rotten. Hughes is trying to convey that putting dreams to the side will cause them to become â€Å"rotten† and forgotten about. Hughes uses the word â€Å"crust† to describe the dream being set aside for too long causing it to â€Å"crust and sugar over† making it no longer usable (690). Just like syrup that is set out for too long causing it to harden and become no longer usable. Hughes uses the term â€Å"heavy load† to describe the burden society put on African Americans by holding them back from pursuing their dreams. They must live with the â€Å"what if† weighing them down like a heavy load. Hughes use of diction is chosen very carefully to depict the anger of African Americans for having to hold back their dreams and goals because of their race. Langston Hughes uses tone, imagery, and diction to convey the deferred dreams and white oppression of African Americans. Racial prejudice caused many African Americans to lose sight of their dreams. Although they were granted their civil rights at this time period, racial discrimination was still prevalent in society and prevented them from pursuing their dreams. Hughes tries to bring to the attention the consequences of the built up resentment and thrown away dreams of African Americans to the reader in his short poem, â€Å"Harlem. †

Operations Management in Business Essay

In writing this assignment the template provided by the college has been used helping in completing the Assignment in the correct format. Information for this assignment has been collected from various sources such as academic pieces of writing from textbooks and lecture notes. Information on the company has been gathered from the organisations website, journal articles and government statistics. References will be provided at the end of the assignment under the referencing section. LO1: Understand the structure and aims of business organisations LO1.1 Explain the importance of operational management Operation management can be identified as a complete set of managerial activities employed by the organization to transform resource inputs into product and service outputs. So the resource inputs are the factors of production such as materials, parts, supplies, technologies, capital, human resources and information. The transformational process is that set of activities through which operations managements produces output that is value to a customer or client in the organization’s external environment. So the concept of adding value is critical to operations management. So when operations add value to the original cost of the resource inputs, where a business can generate profit or non profit org can provide public services  to the society. So no organization can be successful unless they manage their operations efficiently. An organization has to manage its operations in an effective manner so that customers will get a satisfactory output. Read more:  Operations Management Essay Why an operation manger position is important to Kingslice 1.To take capacity decisions: That is as operation manager, has to decide how much capacity will be needed and need to identity how flexible capacity should be. 2.To take facilities decisions: So operation manger has to decide where should facilities be located and also how many facilities will be needed and what size they should be. 3.To make workflow and technology decisions: Operation manger should decide what workflow layout would be best for Kingslice and also what technology should be used. 4.To make materials and inventory decisions: How often should inventory be ordered and how large should inventory levels be. 5.Have to make quality decisions: As a bread producing company how Kingslice can achieve best quality outputs and what level it should be. So as the operation manger in Kingslice it is really important to concentrate on productivity and profitability. So as the operation manager I have to look at Quality, Efficiency and Effectiveness issues in the company. †¢Quality Standard: As it is expected to produce various kinds of breads to meet customers’ needs it is very necessary to maintain standard quality in products. Eg: Wholemeal bread, White bread, Gluten-free bread. To ensure quality, the right ingredients must be bought at a reasonable price to be competitive among the rivals. So the Economic Order Quantity model will be an effective tool in this case. †¢Efficiency Standard: Should reduce wastage and need to produce the right amount of breads according to sales. It is very important that all the equipments need to be up to date according to new technology bakers should be well trained. †¢Effectiveness Standard: This will help Kingslice to generate more profit and will attract more investors in to the organization. So having skilful staffs and proper equipment will help to lift up the effectiveness in Kingslice. LO1.2 Explain the need to produce safely; on time; to cost; to quality and within the law Operational efficiency is the ability of an organization to deliver products or services to its customers in the most cost-effective manner possible while still ensuring the high quality of its product, service and support. To improve operational efficiency it’s important to analyze the current situation of the company, which occurs when the right combination of the people, process and technology come together to enhance the productivity and value of any business operations, while reducing the cost of routine. It is important for, Kingslice as bread producing company to, -Decrease operational cost and optimize efficiency -Manage and develop product quality and ensure regulatory compliance -Generate a real time demand driven sales and operational planning process âž ¢Safety Kingslice should guarantee that safety of all staffs. Staffs need to carry out a health and safety trainings which will be useful be more cautious at work and react efficiently to safety issues. Equipments should be service over period of time to prevent any danger. âž ¢Cost Minimising wastage will help Kingslice a lot. So the saved money saved could be used in other departments which lack facilities. Avoiding unnecessary cost will help the company to stay competitive. âž ¢Time Producing the bread on time will help Kingslice honouring its contacts to the retailers. By this act, other retailers can switch to Kingslice. âž ¢Quality Customer and retailers feedback need to be taken in to consideration seriously so that we can identify which areas need to improve the most. Having regular meetings with staffs is another form of feedback where ideas can be discussed as well as issues in how to improve quality. âž ¢Legislation To maintain our competiveness and reputation in the market Kingslice need to stick on to the law. Health and safety policy should be respected by giving the staffs the necessary equipments to work. There are laws that protect the environment; at Kingslice we should try to recycle waste. LO1.3 Explain the link between operations management and strategic planning Operations management deals with designs, management with products, processes, services and supply chains. It is considered that the acquisition, development and resources utilization that company needs to provide the goods and services to fulfil their customer’s needs. So basically it is the acquisition of resources and processes them into finished goods according to the customers’ wants and the business goal. Strategic planning is a method for a company planning the present based on the projections what will be needed in the future. So it is a road map to direct the business from where it is now where it will like to be Strategic planning gives a clear view on: †¢How resources should be allocated. †¢The issues need to be addressing. †¢The strengths and weaknesses. . Strategic Planning Process Link between Strategic Planning and Operation Management In Kingslice, as the operational manger should be able operate following operations strategies, †¢Ability to produce bread at low cost †¢Ability produce in accordance with specification and without error †¢Ability to do things quickly in response to customer demands and thereby offer short lead times between when customers orders a product and when they receive it. †¢Ability to deliver products in accordance with promises made to customers †¢Ability to change the volume of production †¢Ability to change the mix of different products Eg: Wholemeal bread, White bread †¢Ability to innovate and introduce new products Eg: Gluten-free bread, Multi-seed bread Applying the SWOT analysis in Kingslice, -Strengths: Get the best out of the staffs and equipping well trained staff and technology. -Weaknesses: Need to reduce the wastes and have to follow or standard recycling method. -Opportunities: Innovating products and change package design will help to increase the sales. -Threats: competitors and health and safety issues LO1.4 Produce a systems diagram to illustrate a typical business LO2: Understand the link between operations management and strategic planning LO2.1 Explain the ‘Three Es’ (economy, efficiency and effectiveness) In this 3 Es’ theory it is often referred to Value of Money. †¢Economy –Minimising the cost of resources (doing things at a low price) This covers financial side of work carried out. It is measured by considering the cost of resources consumed into value of output delivered. †¢Efficiency –Performing tasks with realistic attempt (doing things the right way) This can be measured in terms of the inputs required to generate the outputs. So if a task can be finished with less resources, the efficiency is been improved. †¢Effectiveness –The point to which objectives are met (doing the right things) This can be measured by setting up a target before a task begins and then evaluating whether the targets have been achieved not. †¢Integrating 3Es use of the resources in improving quality o f the products and the customer service in Subway So this 3Es are interrelated so as operations manger when dealing with improving quality and customer service its necessary to consider all 3. So I can suggest following, †¢Benchmarking against other rivals for indications as to whether we are â€Å"economic enough†, â€Å"efficient enough† and â€Å"effective enough†. †¢Comparing with other parts of our organization †¢Measuring and interpreting trends over a period of time †¢Aiming to continuous improvement So I would suggest following measures to improve above qualities in Subway, †¢Economy Performance Measures: Maintaining a cost per unit Comparing the actual cost input with planned input †¢Efficiency Performance Measures: Minimising the waste Make sure staffs well trained Equipment must be up to date †¢Effective Performance Measures: Storing the right amount of stocks Identifying the best selling meal depending on the location Identifying the target customer group Responding to customer feedbacks LO2.2Explain the tension between cost minimisation and quality maximisation. Cost minimisation aims to achieve the most cost efficient way of delivering goods and services achieve the essential level of quality. Customer is the main root in Tesco Plc, without them they cannot survive in the completive market. While offering good customer services and the good quality products need to have an idea about the cost minimization of the product as well. So in this case I realised major out flow of the company is marketing and branding cost. Therefore I have to identify better marketing and branding technique to drop overall Tesco marketing and branding cost for our products. But marketing is very vital to survive in this competitive market (ex.Asda, Sainsbury’s, Morrisons, Waitrose) Thus have to look any alternation cost to reduce rather than cutting marketing cost. I came with an idea to reduce production cost at controlling, †¢Minimise the extra over time, †¢Minimise unnecessary utility expenses †¢Management ordering –then we can reduce transport cost and increase the sales in an efficient way. †¢Hence some Tesco expresses don’t have their own bake off it will be good move to build their own bake off to control waste, cost and provide high quality products. In the mean time I have given my attention to best customer services throughout our entire retail shops. By  advising all retail managers to look after extra satisfactory stock at any time and maintain all warehouse activities including production ,servicing and manage of chilled foods and grocery items while minimum of wastage and maximising customer satisfaction towards highest profitability margin while in according to control the safety features. To increase the customer services I manage to conduct, †¢Proper training programme to all our staff. †¢Evaluate the retail shops and individual staff by’’ mystery shopper’’ †¢Well experience new staff recruitment, LO2.3 Evaluate the significance of the five performance objectives that underpin operations management Strategy in a business organization is essentially about how the organization seeks to survive and prosper within its environment over the long-term. The decisions and actions taken within its operations have a direct impact on the basis on which an organization is able to do this. The way in which an organization secures, deploys and utilizes its resources will determine the extent to which it can successfully pursue specific performance objectives. Slack et al. (2004) argue that there are five operations strategies: 1 Cost: The ability to produce at low cost. 2 Quality: The ability to produce in accordance with specification and without error. 3 Speed: The ability to do things quickly in response to customer demands and thereby offer short lead times between when a customer orders a product or service and when they receive it. 4 Dependability: The ability to deliver products and services in accordance with promises made to customers (e.g. in a quotation or other published information). 5 Flexibility: The ability to change operations. Flexibility can comprise up to four aspects: †¢The ability to change the volume of production. †¢The ability to change the time taken to produce. †¢The ability to change the mix of different products or services produced. †¢The ability to innovate and introduce new products and services. Operations strategy has a vertical relationship in the corporate hierarchy with business and corporate strategies, and horizontally with the other functional strategies, most notably with marketing strategy. Operations strategy might come about in a top-down or a bottom-up process with regard to business and corporate strategies. Similarly, an operations strategy might be developed in response to market requirements (i.e. market-led) or be based on the capabilities of its operations. Slack et al. (2004: p.67) argue that an operations strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions, which set the role, objectives, and activities of operations’. Their use of the term ‘pattern’ implies a consistency in strategic decisions and actions over time. LO3 Understand how to organise a typical production process LO3.1Explain linear programming Linear programming is the process of taking various linear inequalities relating to some situation, and finding the â€Å"best† value obtainable under those conditions. Let X be the number of items produced in Basic and Y be the number of items produced in Deluxe. Let P be the profit from both Basic and Deluxe. Then; 10X+ 15Y= P A maximum units of capital is 100. Then; 100≠¥4X+5Y——————requirement 1 Maximum labour availability is 60 hours Then; 60 ≠¥2X+4Y 30≠¥ X+2Y——————-requirement 2 The number of items of the products should be greater than or equals to zero. Then; Y≠¥0 and X≠¥0 Graphical method is used to solve the problem 3 points are available and the 4th point should be derived from the graph Point (0,15) , (0,0) and (25,0) is available , X=16.7 and Y= 6.7 substituting in P= 10x+15y P=167 + 100.5 =267.5 Therefore the maximum profit = 267.5 LO3.2 Evaluate critical path analysis and network planning Critical path analysis is a step by step technique for process planning. This is series of activities determining the earliest completion of the project and schedule network analysis techniques used to identify the schedule flexibility and the critical path of the project schedule network diagram. The critical path is the longest path (sequence of activities) in a project schedule network diagram. Because it is the longest path, it determines the duration of the project and hence the finish dates of the project given the start date. CPA requires careful planning so projects can run smoothly. Improve efficiency and cash flow, therefore materials can be ordered to arrive only as they are needed. Critical path analysis †¢May be used as part of the decision making process. †¢Enables a firm to plan and monitor operations. †¢Time related – identifies the maximum time for an operation to be completed. †¢Identify potential problems in implementing operation. †¢Identifies where and when resources (including human ones) are needed. The approach is in three parts. †¢Create the network – break the overall task down into discrete activities and then create a logical network showing the relationship between the activities in terms of what follows or precedes what. †¢Calculate the timings – make estimates of the time required for each activity and calculate the total time required for the project and the critical path – the path of activities which must happen to estimate if the project is to be completed on time. †¢Update and monitor progress – this is where critical path analysis is really important in areas such as constructions. Having  formed the network and made the estimates and initial calculations, the progress of the activities can be monitored and the whole network updated as work progresses, to ensure that the project completion is not delayed. Example- The following tasks, estimates and precedence have been agreed in a project. TaskActivityEstimated datesprecedence AWrite project initiation document3- BResearch site one4A CResearch site two2A DDocument requirements – site one6B EDocument requirement – site two5C FDefine non – functional requirements2A GDefine agreed requirements3D,E,F HWrite invitation to tender4G Total days29 So we can prepare a project network for this project. After that we can be able to identify which activities are on the critical path of the project. Observing this path we can be able to infer the estimated elapsed duration of the project. The project network for this project- Critical path = ABDG H = 3 + 4 + 6 + 3 + 4 = 20 days In order to complete to this project take 29 days normally but after applying  critical path can be able to finish this 20 days and we can save 9 days from this. LO3.3 Explain the need for operational planning and control Operational planning and control decisions involve arrangement and control of labour, materials, and capital input to produce the required quantity and quality of production most efficiently. Operational planning and control are based on forecasts of future demand for the output of the system. But even with the best possible forecasting and the most finely tuned operations system, demand cannot always be met with existing system capability in a given time period. †¢Unexpected market trends †¢new product developments †¢competitors’ actions Can throw the forecasts off and problems in the operations system can reduce capacity. At these times, shorter term managerial decisions must be made to allocate system capacity to meet demand.   Long term planning involves factors such as fixed capacity planning and product planning. These decisions will affect the organization in the long run. Medium and short term planning involves variable capacity planning, product forecasting, operations scheduling and inventory management. Operation manger organises the operations functioned be allocating responsibilities and creating structures. To ensure business will run smoothly in the long run following planning and controls have to take in to action âž ¢Routing: _ decides the quality and material type _organizing production control forms _investigating which part of the product need to produced or bought âž ¢Scheduling Preventing unnecessary delays and completing operations successfully and efficiently. _Master scheduling _Manufacture scheduling âž ¢Despatching How the process and operations are done through the route sheets. _Centralised Despatching _De-centralised Despatching âž ¢Follow up and expediting âž ¢Inspection LO4 Be able to apply relevant techniques to the production of an operational plan for a typical business LO4.1 Produce a set of clearly defined operational outcomes Companies achieve operational outcomes by reducing or avoiding costs. We can use SMART tool to define the outcomes †¢Specific: Clear and definite terms describing abilities, knowledge, values, attitudes and performance. †¢Measurable: It is feasible to get the data and data are accurate and reliable so it can be assed in more than one way. †¢Aggressive but Attainable: Has potential to move the organization forward. †¢Results-oriented: Describes what standards are expected from customers. †¢Time-bound: Describes where organization would like to be within a specific time period †¢As the Operations Manager at Curry’s, †¢When a customer orders for any particular product online it will be delivered next day, so as the operational manger if we can improve that same day service. It will enhance the quality of customer service provided by Curry’s. †¢Reviewing all the shifts and rescheduling the staff rota. So we can put more staff in the busy periods so it will help to provide excellent customer service because customers won’t be waiting in the long queues to get served. †¢Customer Returns have a bad effect on the business so as operation manger need to ensure the customer to remain faithful to Curry’s. Discount vouchers, Percentage discounts can be issued to the customer. This will satisfy customers. †¢Some customers experience problems in going through the catalogues. By having trained staffs, it is promising for them  to offer help to the customers who wish to use their assist in deciding which particular product the customers are looking for. †¢As the operation manger, need to compliance with budget and stability in curries. LO4.2 Produce a network plan and indicate the resultant critical path TaskActivityEstimated datesprecedence ASearch for suppliers and prepare storage10- BObtain quotation and get the approval 20A CPlace Order5B DInform The accountant 10C EReceive Goods20D G H FReceive invoice15A GChecking goods and acceptance5F, C HMake payment15A Total days LO4.3 Explain how quality could be defined and maintained Quality means different things to different organizations depending on the context. In curry’s quality is more likely to mean service excellence and customer care which is measured in terms of meeting customer expectations and customer satisfaction. http://www.iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/quality.cfm †¢how to ensure the overall quality standard in curry’s -Providing vision and direction to achieve results. -Making decisions using accurate data and facts. -Delivering value through the development of individuals -Managing process through an integrated approach -Increasing efficiency -Focusing on customers and anticipating future needs -Continuous improvement Quality management tools, standards and models -ISO 9000 series -Total quality management -Investors in people -Service excellence -Six sigma †¢To achieve quality standards in curry’s need to, -Provide quick response to customer feedbacks and problems -Have fully trained staffs -Revise supply chain of the products if products, defects higher than the returns expected per day. -Have up to date software’s and hardware’s to provide after sales services if required Conclusion and recommendation Operations management is a broad area of business management that involves labor relations, statistics, manufacturing control, and policy creation, among other things Being a good operation manager demands lots of hard work and dedication as he/she has to demonstrate how he/she manage scarce resources, time, cost, quality and so on. Planning and control has to be carefully monitored and in case the latter go out of hand it is impossible to keep the business on the right track Reference Investopedia. (2011). Operations Management. Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operations-management.asp#ixzz1j2qL9mmN MIT Sloan School of Management. (2012). Operations Management. Available: http://sloan.mit.edu/omg/om-definition.php. Operations Management. (2012). Operations Management. Available: http://www.operationsmanager.com/operations-manager-fields/operations-management-careers/attachment/opmgmt_graphic/. Angell, Linda C., and Robert D. Klassen. â€Å"Integrating Environmental Issues into the Mainstream: An Agenda for Research in Operations Management.† Journal of Operations Management. August 1999. Weiss, Howard J., and Mark E. Gershon. Production and Operations Management. Allyn and Bacon, 1989. Bateman, Thomas S., and Carl P. Zeithaml. Management: Function and Strategy. Richard D. Irwin, 1990. Ashim G. (2009). Organisation’s External Environmental. Available: http://www.practical-management.com/Organization-Development/Organization-s-External-Environment.html. Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnston R. (2004) Operations Management (4th Edition), Harlow: Pearson Education. Basic Decision Making Tools. (2012). OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT. Available: http://www.masterclassmanagement.com/BusinessManagementCourse-BasicDecisionMakingTools.html Bailetti, A. J., & Litva, P. F. (1995). Integrating Customer Requirements into Product Designs. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12(1), 3-15. Productivity Press. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VD5-3XX6S36-23/2/23228d6294be75b53b3295d8b9d9e2c8 Hart, C.W. (1996). Made to Order. Marketing Manage- ment, 5(2), 12–22. Marc L. Songini. (2000). Just-in-Time Manufacturing. Available: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/54131/Just_in_Time_Manufacturing?taxonomyId=126&pageNumber=2. Team quest 2010 http://www.teamquest.com/solutions/itil/service-delivery/capacity-management/index.htm Schniederjans, M. & Q. Cao. (2001). Analternative analysis of inventory costs of JIT and EOQ purchasing. InternationalJournal of Physical Distribution & Logistics, (31), 2, pp. 190-117. Duncan H. (2012). Project

Character and Symbolic Analysis of The Princess Bride

Story analysis: Princess Bride (Movie) Source: Princess Bride was created by William Goldman in 1973, and then made into a film in 1987. Story type: This book is written satirically. Because it is ridiculing many themes and literary ideas. The movie comes with a witty joke and an unforgettable quote. Main settings: The story starts with a beautiful and quiet farmhouse in Florin and everything is calm. It was here that Westley and Butter Cup were introduced, and they set the mood of the story for the feelings of each other. Princess Bride in the movie Princess Bride directed by Rob Liner began with a grandfather who told his story to his less enthusiastic grandchild. The story began in the country of Florin and the butter cup does not deal well with her farm boys. His name is Wesley, but she never called him. She loves him as a reward. She discovered later that he and his ship were killed by the fear of Roberts pirates. It is a princess. Ironic and fun twist. In the novel Princess Bri de, William Goldman sarizizes fairy tales and standard literary processes through his personality and behavior. The poor peasant Westley fell in love with the perfect girl butter cup, but he has to leave to find his wealth. A few years later, the butter cup thought that Westley gave her up and was forced to go out with a heartcart, cruel and computationally motivated person. Vizzini, Fezzik, and Inigo are three mysterious kidnappers who want to kidnap the princess and cause a war between Guilder and Florin. In the Enders game and the bride's princess, the character surprisingly became a hero. Wesley was chosen as a new fear pirate Roberts and saved the princess. Andel became army general and led them to victory. In each novel, characters are separated from their loved ones and they are not allowed to see them for a long time. They are not considered to be the best heroes, but they will not become great heroes in the play Romeo and Juliet Juliette deceived Romeo. Her affection for hi m was so wonderful that she asked Flair Lawrence to make a potion for her and made her appear to be dying. In this way, she avoids getting married to Paris and can see Romeo again after being expelled from town. This event is very confusing during the play. In fact, there should not be anything. Juliet died and awoke. Romeo had just committed suicide before waking up, so this time it was too late. After seeing Romeo's death, Juliet truly committed suicide.

Identify how a UK company could convince shareholders and the Essay

Identify how a UK company could convince shareholders and the regulator that it had complied with the five main principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code - Essay Example More importantly, their neutrality and lack of vested bias should be illustrated their lack of previous/present personal/professional connections. By satisfactorily adhering to this principle, a UK company can convince shareholders and the regulator about its compliance with the Code. The second main principle relates to executive remuneration. The growing discontent with the trend of exorbitant top-executive compensation has brought the issue to the notice of Financial Reporting Council. Consequently, the principle of ‘performance related pay’ is included in the Code, whereby the rules already stated in the Companies Act of 2006 will be enacted more effectively. The principle also suggests the ideal composition of the remuneration committee, where non-executive directors will play a major role, especially in ascertaining director remuneration. Another key principle set out in the Code is Accountability and Audit standards. It is suggested that only independent non-executive directors are appointed to the Audit Committee. This makes sense in the context of some major corporate scandals across the Atlantic, where conflict of interest for members of the audit committee can lead to disastrous consequences for shareholders. The fourth main principle concerns the role played by institutional investors. The salience of this principle arises from the fact that the UK is a major financial hub in the world and ethical investment/trading practices are imperative to uphold the integrity of the system. Hence all companies (especially those in the financial sector) in the UK should comply with the guidelines given in the Code. Finally, another key principle in the Code is regarding shareholder relations. Under this section, best practices and recommendations for maintaining a strong and honest relationship with shareholders are given. The principle has at its core the need for shareholders

Military vs Business Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Military vs Business Strategy - Assignment Example The enemy will not sacrifice dignity or pride easily, even if at times irrational. If an outlet is left, then acceptance of the dire situation can be made and the enemy will choose to surrender. (Cantrell, 16) If the enemy chooses not to surrender, the overwhelming advantage that one side possesses by means of military advantage would soon close off the one remaining outlet. If the foe is â€Å"desperate†, the goal is to encourage surrender without engaging in further unnecessary bloodshed. Giles further elaborated on what Tzu meant by this excerpt when he stated that the object is to make the enemy realize that there is at least one road to safety. This prevents â€Å"his fighting with the courage of despair†. He next adds: â€Å"After that, you may crush him.† (Giles 72). We can see a similarity is regards business strategy. Leaders of companies have often fought hard to get to the market position that they currently hold. They naturally feel that their company, product or service is the best, and usually have an intense dislike of competitors for obvious reasons. If a company feels overly threatened without letup, they may engage in irrational behaviors by expending vast amounts of scare resources to somehow beat the odds to prevail over the competitor in one particular â€Å"battle†. However, if the company with the upper hand does not press unnecessarily hard due to the circumstances, the disadvantaged competitor may come to reason that they need to back off of the current plan and regroup with a new plan. This saves resources for all sides, since the outcome of the particular strategic business battle is inevitable at that point, barring some very remote and unforeseen occurrence. Companies should keep in mind that a battle is different than a war. Companies will be at war for the length of their business operations in most cases, and to pursue a win of

The food crisis of 2008 had been threatening for a few years, mostly Essay - 1

The food crisis of 2008 had been threatening for a few years, mostly affecting the poor. A variety of causes but mostly man-made - Essay Example In this essay, the writer attempts to explicate that among variegated causes of food crisis are population explosion, mismatch of developmental priorities, environmental degradation and climate change. Population explosion The world has reached a population of 6.85 billion in the mid-year of 2010 and is estimated to reach 7 billion by the end of 2011 (Rosenberg, 2011). This increasing statistics of population could reach a peak that challenges the limited resources of the world. This situation is further compounded with massive influx of people from the rural communities, with whom nations relied for agricultural production, into the urban community in search for jobs that can immediately transform labor to money. Most of whom unfortunately dwell in ghettos and less conductive urban communities, except for those who were lucky to land in corporate jobs or in entrepreneurial initiatives. This rise of global population and anent urbanization trend, if uncontrolled, has serious implicat ion to food insecurity, mortality rate or severe malnourishment of children. It will generally affect the quality of life, delivery of social services, cause resource conflicts and increase of criminal rates and social malaise (Rosenberg, 2011). Thus, governments especially in developing countries have been advocating for reproductive health matters to limit populations in consideration to limited resources and services to be accorded to people. This is evidenced as crises are more felt in urban areas where people are vulnerable to volatile markets. On the other hand, rural communities are also confronted with difficulties in feeding their families with low income from farm produce against costly farm inputs and inflation (Lean, 2008) of prime commodities e.g. rice, sugar, oil and including skyrocketing prices of tuition fees in educational institutions, transportation and livestock’s food. Housing is incredibly a problem and albeit construction of villages, these homes are a ffordable only for those who have achieved a certain level of affluence to purchase properties. Indeed, increase of population means scaling up of utilization and maximization of resources, hence the wanton use of rainforests and wildlife. The inability to balance human needs and protection of environment presents detrimental condition—a world’s peril and damaging conflict of resource. Mismatch of Developmental Needs Recent developments made people grow grain to make fuel. Others raise crocodiles to fashion expensive bags. The worst side of this is that some countries are producing massive pineapples, mangoes, vegetation, rice and got best fishes only to be exported to rich countries while farmers, fishers and laborer were paid barely an amount for subsistence. In some developing countries, hug trees are cut to meet the construction needs of foreign nations while those who are leaving in logged sites content themselves with indigenous materials to live. People live in such irony. In United States, while there is recognition of decreasing wheat production as food in the last decades, whilst grain and oilseeds were also diverted for biofuel  production (US Department of State, 2009). Such impacted to the prices of wheat and rice just as how the use of palm oil for biofuel is affecting soybeans and vegetable oils’s pricing. This is further influenced by monopolistic capitals which dictate prices in the market and exacerbated the effects of inflation rates. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate development programs

Choose a contemporary issue and offer an equally outrageous solution Essay

Choose a contemporary issue and offer an equally outrageous solution to highlight its importance - Essay Example Induced abortions according to World Health Organization (19) include those that are performed in relation to legal sanctions and those done against the law. The term therapeutic abortion, strictly defined, according to World Health Organization (19) refers to medically indicated abortion for women whose life or health is in danger in the case of continuation of pregnancy or if the health of the unborn child is threatened by congenital or genetic factors. We are faced by this issue of abortion, and it affects ladies mostly. There are various reasons why ladies opt for an abortion. Kim argues that (7) each year throughout the world forty-six million women chose abortion; that means every two seconds three women choose abortion. Even in the U.S., where there are more than 1 million abortions a year. Many ladies say the following reasons as to why they have an abortion. (Kim, 8-10). they have abortions to save their lives, they might have an abortion because rape or incest caused her pr egnancy, she might have health problems, she might be concerned with the health of the fetus, she might be too young to mother a child Abortion has only an advantage when either of the fetus is in danger, or the mother is in danger. The danger may vary from the mother to fetus, but if the mother's condition is in danger, then abortion is advised. There are many benefits to remaining un-pregnant â€Å"advantages of abortion† (Hill) and he continues to write that, there is solid research proving that having an abortion improves a young woman’s educational outcome. Hill provides a report by Battle Creek which says, â€Å"young women frequent state the issue of unplanned pregnancy and its impact on their financial future and educational as some of the key reasons for seeking abortion. Study findings, legitimates concern, for young women who conceive before the age of 21 and opt for an abortion has better educational outcomes compared to those who conceive before age of 21 and do not go for abortion. â€Å"Abortions Among Young Women and Subsequent Life Outcomes,† by David M. Fergusson et al., published in the March 2007 issue of Perceptiveness on Sexual and Reproductive Health, uses longitudinal data from Christ church Health and Development Study in New Zealand to analyze the extent for the decision abort has advantages to a woman† In an article of â€Å"Pros and Cons about Abortion†, it is argued that, many a times’ abortion helps safeguard woman’s health. There are women who suffer from various hazardous medical conditions such as heart disease, kidney, severe hypertension, and sick-cell anemia. These diseases can be life threatening and an abortion can be used to help prevent these conditions from affecting the mother. It continues to give another reason that, in male chauvinist societies, women are considered nothing more than child bearing machines. Therefore, an abortion provides an individual identity to the woman where she can make a decision on the fate of her child. From my own personal view, trying to look at the stated advantages of abortion, I can say that, there is none. Why, because, one is denying another person a life, same to murder, a fetus, even if still in the womb, its living, its life maturing, it is growing, hence abortion cuts short its life. Arguing from the point of; taking away life of a living thing is so wrong according to

Freedom of Information and Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom of Information and Privacy - Essay Example the government has every right to charge the organization; therefore it is better that the organization must make sure that the public funding is not being used for any purpose other than public welfare (Misuse of Public Funds, 2013). 2. No in my opinion I do not think that there should not be any difference between the privatization of traditional governmental services and private corporations using public funding for non-traditional services, as both of these services are directed towards one cause i.e. providing services for the betterment of people. Privatization of the traditional government services can be quite beneficial in some cases as when any of the government department or institution is facing a loss. The government may privatize an institution, which in the long run can be beneficial for the overall economy. Private institution at the end of the day believes in gaining profits out of the operations they are carrying on. This is what makes the private institution more successful than the government institutions (Should government stop offering any service that the private sector can provide?, 2013). 3. There are many private corporations in which they fraud, waste abuse and corruption is at its peak. The charitable organizations too are not at all immune to the FWAC. Brain Collins the retired CEO of Enron Corporation stated in an interview that their organization conducted a research on nonprofit organizations. The result of the research suggested that every year the corruption of 1.1 million occurs in the nonprofit organizations. One can predict that if the amount of corruption is so high in institutes that are solemnly working for the betterment of the society that what will be the case of other organizations (Not-for-Profits Not Immune to Fraud, 2013). 4. If the FOIA legislation fails to force the private organizations to effectively respond to their request, the government can play its role in by assigning a contracting agency that will look

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Finance - Essay Example In the year 2007, British Petroleum, Plc took many of the restructuring initiatives. It had restructured its operations in the North Sea Organisation. The restructuring was aimed to simplify the organisation and to improve the efficiency of the various related processes. The company was compelled to initiate such changes as the production in that area was depicting decreasing trend while cost was rising rapidly (BP, 2007). As the chief executive of BP put it, the over all restructuring measure was not all about ‘cost reduction and cull’, rather it was about the a change in culture among the employees of BP, as he observed that the oil major has been suffering from ‘over- complexity’ (Macalister, 2007). Though the management claimed it to be mere change in culture but it invariably meant reduction in the employee force as the company was witnessing alarming financial results. To do away with the complexities that according to the top management were responsible for such deplorable financial results, the company decided to make processes simpler. The corporation used to have three major divisions namely ‘exploration and production’, ‘refining and marketing’ and ‘gas, power and renewable’. To make operational process straightforward and reduce costs, the management restructured the process by doing away with the third segment and incorporating it into the other two. The company introduced a separate division to handle business of low carbon and options of future growth and named it ‘alternative energy’ (Kukec, 2007). The objective of any restructuring plan that any corporate initiates, is to increase its profitability and the financial performance and to create enhanced value for the share holders. The financial results of the British Petroleum for the financial year 2008 clearly depicts that the restructuring plans

Macroeconomics In Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Macroeconomics In Healthcare - Essay Example It is estimated that the global community currently provides roughly $2 billion per year to health in the poorest countries. For the poorest economies, spending does appear to make a difference. Gro Harlem Bruntland, Director General of the World Health Organization, believes that â€Å"health has a central role in the world economy. Yet, few finance officials and development economists have so far explored the potential importance of health investment as an instrument for reducing poverty† (Ivinson551). Improved health is potentially advantageous to poor economies. Increased life expectancy can lead to increased productivity and economic stability for many poor families, assuming that opportunities for work and education are readily available. However, in some of the poorest economies, opportunity for increased income from work is very limited. In some areas, basic infrastructure such as roads, utilities and means for production does not exist. Often political corruption prev ents those who are healthy and physically able to work for many years from realizing their true income potential. Even relocation to areas with more work opportunities are difficult with limited income and few safe roads. In those areas, it is a combination of increased spending on health care, increased development of infrastructure and acitivities which remove or reduce corruption that must take place simultaneously for the poorest economies to benefit overall. Improved health care alone will not bring about much change in economic conditions.

Genetically modified organisms Essay Example for Free

Genetically modified organisms Essay Genetically modified foods (GMF) have foreign genes such as plants, animals and bacteria inserted into their genetic codes. Genetically modified organism is processed in a way that does not occur naturally. Combining genes from different organisms is known as recombinant DNA technology. There are alternative names for genetically modified foods, such as â€Å"genetically engineered, biotechnology,† genetic modification, or transgenic. † Genetically modified organisms allows scientist to speed up the process by moving desired genes from one plant into another, sometimes from an animal to a plant, for example they take a genetic material from a number of different sources from virus and bacteria and they insert it into the soybean plant, which herbicide usually kills the plant but because of the genetic modified organism it does not. Genetic modified food is dangerous because it greatly expands the scope for horizontal gene transfer and recombination; this process creates new viruses and bacteria that cause disease, epidemics, and trigger cancerous cells. Genetically modified foods are dangerous because it can cause harmful effects on human health (What are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods GM Products: Benefits and Controversies). Many foods in the United States contain genetically modified organism, such as corn, soy, sugar and aspartame. In most of the foods we eat today contain those ingredients and most people do not even realize that they are eating genetically modified food because labeling the food is not mandatory in most of the United States. The reason scientist developed genetically modified organism is because they believe it will provide more nutritious food, tastier food, cheaper food supply, ability to farm in unfavorable climates, faster growing plants and animals, possibility of disease fighting foods, improving the lives of farmers and less pesticides used but there are many risk that cancel out the potential good of genetically modified organism, for example endocrine disruptors, organ damage, decreased fertility, increased allergies, and more pesticide resistance. However Europe is protesting against genetically modified foods since they were first created. Studies in Europe say â€Å"The science of taking genes from one species and inserting them into another was supposed to be a giant leap forward, but instead they pose a serious threat to biodiversity and our own health† (What are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods GM Products: Benefits and Controversies,). UK says â€Å"The simple truth is, we do not need genetically modified technology in order to possess future food security. Using sustainable and organic farming methods will allow us to repair the damage done by industrial farming, reducing the excessive use of fertilizer, herbicides and other man-made chemicals, and making genetically modified crops redundant† (Genetically Engineered Crops). The United States does not realize that it is bad for you but Europe, UK, Japan, and Australia bans all genetically modified foods for their safety and health. In the United States the FDA does not require any safety test for genetically modified foods because they know majority of people will not buy genetically modified foods. European has been the most concerned with genetically modified foods, everyone one should be concerned about these important factors (Gardner). Genetically modified food has many dangerous effects on the world, for instance genetically modified foods actually lose nutritional content in the process of altering their genetic genes. Some genetically modified foods may contain higher levels of allergens and toxins, which can have negative outlook on the personal health of those who eat genetic foods. Viruses and bacteria are used in the process of modifying foods, which means that there is a possibility that they could cause the development of a new disease. Also genetically modified foods could potentially cause damage to other organisms in the ecosystems where they are grown. If these organisms are killed off, it leads to a loss of biodiversity in the environment (What are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods GM Products: Benefits and Controversies,). Animals and people have become seriously ill or died from genetically modified foods because bacteria have been inserted into our food and our bodies cannot fight off these diseases. Even our environment has been damaged because gene pollution cannot be cleaned up, once genetically modified organisms, such as bacteria and viruses are released into the air it is difficult to recall or contain them. Toxins have also been the cause of killing people and animals by one or more extremely poisonous substances that unexpectedly appeared in this food supplement. Single genes should not be transferred to a foreign environment; their effects are unknown and therefore cause unknown harmful effects to the human health: â€Å"The reason that genetically engineered food could be dangerous is because there has been no adequate testing to ensure that extracting genes that perform an apparently useful function as part of that plant or animal is going to have the same effects if inserted into a totally unrelated species. A number of studies over the past decade have revealed that genetically engineered foods can pose serious risks to humans, domesticated animals, wildlife and the environment. Human health effects can include higher risks of toxicity, allergenicity, antibiotic resistance, immune-suppression and cancer. As for environmental impacts, the use of genetic engineering in agriculture will lead to uncontrolled biological pollution, threatening numerous microbial, plant and animal species with extinction, and the potential contamination of all non-genetically engineered life forms with novel and possibly hazardous genetic material† (Genetically Engineered Crops). Monsanto is an agricultural company that first produced genetically modified foods. Monsanto is not worried about health of others; there main concern is the business. They hear of many lives being in danger from genetically modified food but they are not concerned with this because they are making money. There is no long-term safety testing for genetically modified food. Genetic engineering uses material from organisms that have never been part of the human food supply to change the fundamental nature of the food we eat. Without long-term testing no one knows if these foods are safe. . They say, There is no need for, or value in testing the safety of GM foods in humans (Wilcox). Genetically modified foods are bad for everyone because it can cause harm to humans, animals and the environment. Genetically modified food should be tested, and labeled so humans have the choice to purchase the food items or keep away from them. The main reason the United States has not banned genetically modified food is simply because most people do not even know what foods contain these harmful ingredients. If the FDA made a law that genetically modified foods are to be labeled many families would chose not to eat those foods because of the dangers it causes to the world. Work Cited Wilcox, Christine. The very real dangers of genetically modified foods. †. The Atlantic, 9 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Genetically Engineered Crops. Center for food safety, 5 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms. What are Genetically Modified (GM) FoodsGM Products: Benefits and Controversies. U. S. Department of Energy Genome Programs, 17 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Gardner, Richard. Pros and Cons of GM Foods. Arguments for GM Foods, Arguments Against GM Foods. N. p. , 30 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Villano, Caren. Genetically Modified Foods. What are genetically modified foods, Advantages, Types of genetically modified crops. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12.

Greenmonkey Organic Baby Food Essay Example for Free

Greenmonkey Organic Baby Food Essay Background Christchurch, New Zealand was the home town of 100% organic baby food company, Green Monkey. Founded by sisters, Lizzie Dyer and Charlotte Rebbeck in 2002 (Green Monkey Ltd, 2013). The two sisters set out to create 100% organic baby food that was traceable and sourced from only certified New Zealand producers. No other baby food manufacturer within the New Zealand market could claim these same principles, creating a unique opportunity for Green Monkey (Bradley, 2011). Mission. Green Monkey uphold a strong mission, to see a sustainable way of producing their products without harm to the environment, but also to take the most of what the New Zealand pristine environment has to offer (Green Monkey Ltd, 2013). Allowing the customer to trace where the products primarily come from is key to Green Monkeys mission statement. Value Proposition Green Monkeys value proposition is to offer information about each part of the sold product, allowing customers from around the world to see what is in the product. Offering a product that is affordable and of a high standard for small children is one of Green Monkeys founding principles. Size Five employees make up the vital role of managing, marketing and maintaining the highest quality Green Monkey products. Production of Green Monkey is out sourced to a factory in Christchurch, New Zealand, due to high demand. Type of products Green Monkeys product range covers products such as growing up milk powder, meat and non-meat baby food pouches (Appendix 1). All of the products offered by Green Monkey are 100% Organic with no additives. Target customers. The target customers that Green Monkey focus on are in a niche market where parents are concerned about what is in their babies foods. Green Monkey uphold top customer relations to ensure the security within the niche market. Segmentation Base As Green Monkey cannot compete on price alone, their demographic has adapted to high to middle income families in Australia, China, Dubai and New Zealand (South, 2012). Green Monkey follow a differentiation focused strategy as they are in a niche market. According to VALS psychographics research innovators are more like to purchase organic foods (Strategic Business Insights, 2009-2012). Appendices Appendix 1: Example of Green Monkey products Sourced from business. newzealand. com: http://business. newzealand. com/vBY4ddA/media/1185202/GreenMonkey_Event. jpg ? Reference List Bradley, S. (2011). Green Monkey Organic Baby Foods Happy Planet – Happy Monkeys. Retrieved April 7, 2013. from Bord Bia Irish Food Board: http://www. bordbia. ie/industryservices/brandforum/CaseStudies/Green%20Monkey%20Organic%20Baby%20Foods. pdf South, G. (2012). Small Business: Making it in China Green Monkey. The New Zealand Herald, [online] 28th September. Retrieved from: http://www. nzherald. co. nz/business/news/article. cfm? c_id=3objectid=10837054 Ecofind. co. nz (2013). Green Monkey – organic baby food | ecofind. co. nz. [online] Retrieved from: http://www. ecofind. co. nz/food-drink/green-monkey-organic-baby-food/ Greenmonkey. co. nz (2002). Green Monkey | Organics born naturally. [online] Retrieved from: http://www. greenmonkey. co. nz/ Strategic Business Insights. (2009-2012). Sample demographic and behaviours. Retrieved April 7th, 2013. from Strategic Business Insights: http://www. strategicbusinessinsights. com/vals.

Substance Dualism And The Mind And Body Philosophy Essay

Substance Dualism And The Mind And Body Philosophy Essay The basic idea substance dualism is trying to point out is the soul and the body are separate entities. The soul is the owner of its experiences and remains the same through your lifetime. The body and brain are physical while the soul is a mental substance. So in this case James Hartley has lost his soul. That soul which is the possessor of all his experiences including that of the murder is gone. So lets analyze James Hartleys situation based on the three perspectives of substance dualism given in the article. The basic awareness of the self states that our individual experiences make us unique. For only I possess my experiences which are solely mine. In this case we should stop calling him James Hartley for it is obvious he is no longer that person, he no longer possesses the experiences James Hartley had. In unity and the first person perspective it explains that no amount of third person descriptions of yourself can better describe you than you. I am I because I am aware of it through self-awareness. So James Hartley doesnt even know his name and is relying on others to tell him who he is. Physically he is James Hartley but mentally he is not. In the modal argument it states that if one could conceive an event than that event could be possible. It explains that we can easily conceive ourselves being disembodied but the same does not hold for our body and brain. We can mentally conceive ourselves being separated from the body. As stated in the article the soul is the owner of its experiences and is an enduring entity, meaning its not identical to its experiences it is in fact the conscious thing that has it. James Hartley in the article doesnt have any James Hartley experiences so that would simply mean his soul has somehow separated from his body. In Summary, it is not the body that makes the self it is the self that makes the body. If I were the sheriff I would not have gone through with the hanging. The reason doesnt even have anything to do with the story because I believe that ending someones life because you see it morally fit is an absurd idea. An eye for eye justice system is archaic and primitive. But to base it in the context of the story I would not have gone through with the hanging either because obviously somethings wrong with the person, he doesnt know who he is or what he has done. Its like youre hanging a newborn. Its just the body thats the same but inside its someone else. A medical checkup would need to be performed on the man to determine what has happened to him. Hastily ending his life like that was clearly in poor judgment. Part B: What does it mean to be human? Frankl is saying that our behavior is simply the product of the programming we have received genetically before birth as well as the constant programming we are receiving from our surroundings after birth. Human beings are simply extremely complex biological machines. The Nazis are the classic example of how normal thinking beings are able to commit heinous acts of violence against people who have done nothing to them by persistent brainwashing from a single mastermind or as I like to call it the master programmer. They make the perfect example because they seal the idea that humans are mere machines waiting to be programmed. Are our thoughts genuinely unique or simply the regurgitation of our genetic predisposition and the teachings we have received throughout our life? Well the Nazis seemed to have proven the latter. Frankl believed that the blood and soil concept of human life was developed at the desks and in lecture halls of nihilistic scientist and philosophers because these are the group of people who would dare go against the ideas established order has set forth. It seems that the most dangerous weapon a human can create is the perception of truth. So the Nazis believe that what they are doing is justified because of the truth that Jews are evil and therefore must be eradicated. So these scientists and philosophers are able to use truth as a weapon. They are able to project their ideas as the truth for the rest to blindly swallow. Part C: The Good Brahman Knowledge is better. Well the story does point out one good fact that is to choose reason over happiness is to be mad. So why than do we not choose happiness? If I were to tell you human beings had the tendency to be mad would this surprise you? In fact I think our lust for knowledge far exceeds any desire for mere happiness. That would be what separates us from animals I suppose, we value knowledge more. To not question would simply not be human. Maybe it might also have to do with our ego. Our ego governs us. To be imbecilic is to hurt our ego. As childish as the idea might be but what if we are just too egotistical to bow down to the simple beliefs like god has a purpose for us. If a huge ego went hand in hand with being without common sense we would readily accept happiness. What I mean by this is we would like to give in to the idea that we are intelligent because we ask all these questions others dont. I am smarter than you because I think and you dont. We shudder at the though t of gaining happiness through false beliefs. We do not believe that to be true happiness. Maybe just maybe this very fact is the only reason we choose to keep on looking for answers for things we very well know we cannot answer during our lifetime. To gain happiness via false beliefs is almost like gaining huge amounts of money through stealing. You cheated for your quick grab at happiness.

Angels in America Essay -- Kushner Angels in America Essays

Angels in America Everyone has his or her own personal faults in life. Some are looked down upon more for their issues than others are. Homosexual relationships are considered sacrilegious and unethical, so much that we scrutinize persons having those relations. We as a society should not look down upon individuals whose sexual preference is different from our own. The 80's were a time of economic growth and global power. It is also the setting for Tony Kushner's play, "Angels in America". In Kushner's play it was at time of gay revelation. Reagan's reforms and policies gave homosexual people the power and courage to be more open sexually. Throughout this play, "coming out", is a very new evolution, one that Kushner bases his play on. In the story, many of his characters are homosexual, and the truth about their sexual preferences comes out. Roy Cohn is a successful lawyer in New York, who is dying of AIDS because of his sexual relationships. He keeps his love relationship separate from his professional life for the simple fact that if he were exposed to the wrong people it could damage his reputation. This information could be used against him in court. He lies to people, telling them he has cancer to conceal his homosexuality and prevent them from knowing about his sickness. Roy is facing disbarment and if they knew he was gay, he would easily be barred from being a lawyer. Roy tells his doctor, Henry, that "Roy Cohn is not a homosexual man. Roy Cohn is a heterosexual man, who fucks around w... ...er sexual preference, than we as society can accept this kind of relationship. The graphic details Kushner describes about living and dying with the AIDS disease, gives the audience both the view of a horrifying disease and hope for the future. In the beginning of this play, there is a feeling that homosexuality is despised, but as the play moves to the second part the mood changes. It changes to a very relaxed, almost understanding, and picture of how homosexuality is viewed. In contemporary America, homosexuality is becoming accepted as a sexual preference. Many interest groups, organizations and gay people have strived for this for years. It is not our right to judge others because of what sexual preference they choose, but it is our God given right to be proud of that choice.

Politics Essay -- essays research papers

Politics: the inescapable stalker of our society Politics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be divergent, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as common policy. Political theory or political philosophy is as old as the oldest civilisations. The Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato, developed important political theories and methods of government alongside their more abstract philosophies. One may contest that every society and every belief we hold is a reflection of the political system we live under. Politics, in it absolute form, is a concept of society that definitely intrudes into every aspect of human life. No one can escape it. The word politics comes from the Greek word â€Å"polis†, meaning the state or community as a whole. The concept of the â€Å"polis† was an ideal state and came from the writings of great political thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. In his novel "The Republic", Plato describes the ideal state and the means to achieve it. Hence, the word politics originally has connotations in the ways in which to create the ideal society. An ideal society is in practice a rather difficult aim and even an impossible aim to achieve. Imperfections in society inspired Aristotle and Plato to compose the first written political philosophies. In Aristotle's â€Å"The Politics†, he states that, â€Å"Man is by nature a political animal†, in another words, it is a primal instinct of man. Therefore, in his statement, Aristotle concludes politics is not a dreamt up concept, but rather an inherent feature of mankind. Argument, in our lives and about the way that we live t hem is a fundamental part of our sociological make-up. A main factor in modern government is what is dubbed â€Å"Party Politics†. Each party with its manifesto attempts to gain parliamentary superiority over others in each general election. People vote for the party that broadly represents the individual's values. Although, the average turnout for elections The most common method of categorising political theories is by use of a horizontal line from right to left (the far and moderate right, the right of centre, the centre and the left of centre, the moderate left, and the far left) gradually. What follows is an attempt to clarify this contentious issue of categorisation. It is not a defin... ...onflict and change. Politics is the means to creating a more organised and peaceful society, by providing methods to resolve conflict that naturally occurs in society. From this, politics also endeavours to further society to perfection and to create an absolute harmony between the ruling body and the populace. It thus aims to replace violence and prevent us from returning to chaos. Authority and order are the underlying features of politics and ensures its enforceability. Power underscores its very existence; it is necessary for politics exist. Without authority, politics simply is not feasible. The most visible and widely accepted example of politics is the workings of the governmental institutions. However, although at first glance one may not be aware of it, politics in its various forms is present wherever and whenever humans form a community. Returning to the writings and beliefs of Aristotle, politics is an intrinsic feature of mankind. References â€Å"Politics†, Heywood, Palgrave. 1997 â€Å"The Republic†, Plato (Tr Des. Lee), Penguin, 1987 â€Å"On Liberty†, J.S.Mills, Penguin, 1985 BBC Politics page: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/talking_politics/default.stm>

Precursors to Suicide in Life and Works of Sylvia Plath and Sarah Kane

Precursors to Suicide in Life and Works of Sylvia Plath and Sarah Kane Introduction We are going to describe factors associated with the suicidal process in lives of Sarah Kane and Sylvia Plath as reflected in the late works of these two female authors who committed suicide when they were 27 and 30 years old. Antoon Leenaars and Susanne Wenckstern (1998) have written: ?Suicide notes are probably the ultrapersonal documents. They are the unsolicited productions of the suicidal person, usually written minutes before the suicidal death.? Literary works of suicidal authors written in the time before their death can be read as such suicide notes. It is possible that the suicidal process set off before Sarah Kane started to write her best play and before Sylvia Plath wrote the best poems of her life. They might have been either created in an attempt to set the suicidal process back (Viewegh, 1996) or as a pure manifestation of this suicidal process which might have brought about sudden burst of strong internal creative powers. In both cases we might take these works as suicide notes and poetic accounts on a dramatic search for the meaning of life and existence. Nevertheless no suicide note is able to give a complete account of the suicidal mind. Such a note must be put in the context of the individual life as Shneidman said (1980) and in the context of broad theoretical formulations about suicide and personality functioning in general as stated by Leenaars (1988) if one wants to understand the motives lying behind. 1 Risk Factors for Suicide Very concise description of risk factors for suicide has been offered by Leenaars (1988) and is based on studies of 10 theories of suicide. There are 5 subcategories included under the intr... ... Leenaars, A. A. & Wenckstern, S. (1998). Sylvia Plath: A protocol analysis of her last poems. Death Studies, October 1, 1998, Vol. 22, Issue 7, ISSN: 0748-1187. Retrieved May 6, 2005 from Academic Search Premier Database. Plath, A. & Plath, S. (Eds.) (1975). Letters Home. London: Faber and Faber. Shneidman, E. S. (1980). Voices of death. New York: Harper & Row. Shneidman, E. S. (1982). The suicidal logic of Cesare Pavese. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 10, 547-563. Stirman, S. W. & Pennebaker, J. W. (2001): Word Use in the Poetry of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Poets. Psychosomatic Medicine. 63, p. 517-522 ï ¿ ½ 2001 American Psychosomatic Society, Retrieved December 20, 2004 from http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/content/full/63/4/517 Viewegh, J. (1996). Sebevra?da a literatura (Suicide and literature). Brno: Nakladatelstvï ¿ ½ Tomï ¿ ½?e Jane?ka 10

Character Analysis of Connie Essay

Then one day her family leaves her alone and she notices the boy in the car comes to her house and she finds out that he seems to know everything about her. He demands that Connie come to him and in then th story ends as Connie walks out the house toward the mysterious boy. Connie is sexually active, scared, and deceitful. Connie is sexually active. Oates states how Connie knows she is beautiful and she gets a great deal of attention from boys. Connie knows she is gorgeous, so when she goes out, she shows off her body more. When Connie meets the older boy in the resturant, she spends hours with him, and they went in an abandoned alley. Connie often states that she believes sex is a beautiful and fun feeling. Going with this stranger Connie has just met for hours implies she is sexually active in some way. What Oates is trying to say about young girls in general is that by showing off their bodies and meeting with older boys, sex will be pressured onto them. More young females will want to become more sexually active by assuming sex is all good and fun. Connie is scared. Connie does not seem to be afraid of anything. However, once this stranger appears at her house, she becomes a bit more frightened. Connie was always used to doing what she wanted with whomever she wanted. Along came Arnold, who commanded her to come to him and do things with him. Suddenly, Connie does not have the choice anymore. He threatens to harm her family so she is scared and cannot bring herself to even call for help. What Oates is trying to say about being scared is that one will not be scared until the option of deciding for one’s self gets taken away. Connie is deceitful. Connie’s mother often degrades Connie for being vain. Her mother does this because she is worried about Connie and knows Connie gets a great deal of attention from males. Connie’s mother knows what can happen to her if she does not start being careful. Connie still goes out grabbing the attention of boys even though her mother says otherwise. What Oates is trying to say is that children should always listen to their parents, or they may end up in danger. Oates tries to get the reader to understand that parents have been through it all, and children should learn to listen more. In the short story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Oates shows that Connie is sexually active. She is sexually active because she shows off her body and is curious about sex. Connie is scared because she had no choice in what she wanted to do. Connie is deceitful because she did not care or listen to her mother.

Cheesy Wheezy Essay

Starting as a lower-ranking sell store in crude Glarus, Wisconsin, the Cheezy wheezy sure had slowly boastful into a chain of nine retail shops located in s break throughhern Wisconsin and northern Illinois. In recent years, nearly tout ensemble its competitors had begun issuing catalogs, widely distri onlyed in modern October, advertising gift packages of quits, jams, jellies, and other come across food items. enthalpy Wilson, son of the firms founder, had convinced his father that Cheezy reed resembling should in like manner issue a catalog. It was w here(predicate)(predicate)fore March, and the last snows were melting.Henry Wilson had c entirelyed his third cater meeting in as legion(predicate) weeks to discuss the catalog travail. Pre move were Henry (whose title was vice president) Susan Moore, the sales jitney Jeff Bell, the inventory manager and Robert Walker, the traffic manager. likewise present was Robert Caldwell, from a Milwaukee- base ad function that was handling many aspects of the catalog project. Moore and Caldwell had on the nose finished describing the catalogs probationary design and the allocation of catalog pages to various(a) convergence lines.Caldwell then said, We ar to the bakshis where we must design the order social class, which get out be stapled inside the center pages. It allow be a single 8 1/2-by-11-inch sheet. The guest exit leave out it from the catalog, complete it, fold it into the envelope shape, slam dance the gummed lines, and mail it in. The order form result be on mavin side of the sheet. On the other will be the instructions for folding and Cheezy Wheezys mailing address in New Glarus the remainder of the space will be ads for roughly impulse items. adept now were thinking of a Santa Clausshaped figure molded out of quit. Enough of that, said Wilson, this group isnt here to discuss Santa dolls. Were here to design the order form.We whitethorn withal live with to talk a inadequa te almost selling terms. Susan? Responding to her cue, Moore said, Our biggest problem is how to regale the transportation and missionary workping make up. Weve studied all our competitors catalogs. some(a) absorb the exists into the products price, some charge by weight of the order, some charge by money value of order, and some ship COD. How important are shipping cost, Susan? asked Bell. Plenty, was her response. They impress $2 to $3 for a 1- or 2-pound package. If you progeny a pound of cease that we sell in our retail stores for $2, here are our costs if it goes by catalog cost of goods, $1 order management, 50 cents overhead, including inventory carrying costs, 50 cents box for shipment, 50 cents and transportation costs to any engineer in the United States ranging between $1. 75 and $3. 20. If, however, were dealing with bigger shipments, the copulation costs vary. Im not following you, said Wilson. Its like this, responded Moore.The wholesale cost of tall mallow to us is the similar per pound, no matter how a good deal is sold. Order-processing costs are approximately the same for each order well be receiving by mail. Overhead and inventory carrying costs are always present precisely may be allocated in a build of ways. Packaging costs are also virtually the same per order. They go up only a few cents as we move to larger cartons. Transportation costs are hard to describe because of their tapers. near now our whole catalog project is bogged down with the problem of transportation cost tapers. Tapers? said Wilson, turning to Walker. Youve never told me about tapers before. It sounds like some kind of animal. Thats tapir, t-a-p-i-r, said Walker. Were talking about tapers, t-a-p-e-r-s. Oh, said Wilson. What are they? When one ships secondary packages of cheese, said Walker, rates are based on two factors, the weight being shipped and the standoffishness. As weight or hold increases or boththe rates go up however not as qu ickly. This is called the tapering principle. To ship 2 pounds of cheese from New Glarus to St. Louis costs $2. 40 3 pounds cost $3. 30 5 pounds cost $4. 60 and so on.One nose candy poundsno, 50 pounds is a better guinea pig because some of the parcel services well be using wont take 100 pounds50 pounds would cost $21. at that places also a withdrawnness taper. The 2-pound shipment that costs $2. 40 to St. Louis is $3. 40 to Denver and $4. 15 to Los Angeles. Cant we use the average transportation costs? asked Bell. Thats what we do with inventory carrying costs. wint work, said Caldwell. Youll be overpriced for small, short-distance shipments and will lose sales. For heavy vast shipments, youll be underpriced and will make so many sales that you might in short go belly up. Wilson shuddered and inquired, Does that mean we charge by weight and by distance? Moore answered, Its not that easy. In the cheese business, people buy by the pound, but shipping weightswhich include p ackagingare actually more.A customer who orders 3 pounds of cheese is in fact receiving 3 pounds of cheese plus 6 ounces of packaging materials. I wish we could sell a pound of cheese that consisted of 14 ounces of cheese and 2 ounces of packing material, but that would be illegal at worst, and of questionable ethics, at best. We have the same problems with distance, added Walker. Were nerve-racking to sell in 50 states, but who knows how far they are from New Glarus? We could have tables and maps in the catalog, but they take up valuable selling space. Also, if it looks too complex, we may just turn off some potential customers before they complete their orders. Some of our clients have another problem, added Caldwell, and that is split orders. The customer will want 10 pounds of cheese, but it will be five 2-pound packages sent to five different locations. That has an impact on both packaging and transportation costs. So, what do we do? asked Wilson.

Different Approach of International Business

Different approach of Inter habitation(a) bloodline In truth, we take on become part of a globular village and contract a planetary economy where no nerve is insulted from the effects unconnected technical-gradeizes and competition. Indeed, much(prenominal) and much(prenominal) securely atomic number 18 reshaping themselves for kayoedside(a) competition and disc ein truthwhereing new-sprung(prenominal) ways to exploit merchandise come to the fores in every corner of the populace. Failure to take a orbiculate perspective in unitary of the biggest mi spikes managers goat make. Thus we start laying the representation for our backchat by introducing and describing the basic of supranational ancestry.International craft An international note is angiotensin converting enzyme that is base in the main(prenominal) in a single inelegant neverthe slight(prenominal) acquires close to(a) bastardlyingful shargon of its resources or r eveues (or 2) from some some other countries. Sears fits this description. Most of its stores argon in the United States. For example, and the retail merchant earns around 90 percent of its r even come forwardues from its U. S. operation with the stay 10 percent coming sears stores in Canada. At the equal time however, m some(prenominal) of the convergences it lots, such(prenominal) as tools and clothing be made a wide of the mark from every perspective. and wherefore it is clear that we live in a truly globose economy. Virtu tout ensembley on the whole railway line today must be concerned with the militant situations they face in lands for from photographic plate and with how companies from distant lands argon competing in their homelands. Difference approaches of international phone line ar given up infra Importing and work Franchising Licensing correlative impale contrasted positioning Investment oersight intimacy Importing and Exporting Imports Imports contain of proceeding in nears and service (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents residents to residents.The contain exposition of imports in national accounts includes and excludes specialised live on intoline cases. A frequent delimitation of imports in national accounts is given be number one An import of a expert occurs when at that place is a build of self- eitherow for from a non-resident to a resident this does not necessarily imply that the proper in question bodilyly get everywherees the frontier. However, in particularised cases national accounts impute changes of resultingpower even though in legal terms no change of avouchership takes place (e. g. ross shore financial leasing, cross(a) b golf-club deliveries make forween affiliates of the same cypherprise, goods crossing the border for signifi closinguret carry by dint ofing to order or repair). withal takeation goods must be included in the import measurement. Imports of service consist of all inspection and repair r lastered by non-residents to residents. In national accounts both mighty away pur ensues by residents outside the economic soil of a countrified atomic number 18 recorded as imports of service at that placefore all expenditure by tourists in the economic territory of some other country argon considered as part of the imports of services. the deals ofwise international f first bases of punish equal to(p) services must be included. Basic workmanship statistics a good deal differ in terms of exposition and coverage from the requirements in the national accounts Data on international take in goods atomic number 18 loosely obtained wearye declarations to custom services. If a country applies the ecumenic swap judicature, all goods entryway the country ar recorded as imports. If the special trade system (e. g. extra-EU trade statistics) is applied goods which argon received into customs duty duty storage w behouses atomic number 18 not recorded in orthogonal trade statistics unless they subsequently go into free circulation of the importee country. A special case is the intra-EU trade statistics. Since goods travel freely amidst the subdivision states of the EU without customs controls, statistics on trade in goods between the instalment states must be obtained done surveys. To subdue the statistical burden on the respondents excellent scale traders be excluded from the reporting obligation. Statistical recording of trade in services is establish on declarations by banks to their substitution banks or by surveys of the main operators. In a globalized economy where services contri preciselye be rendered via electronic means (e. . net profit) the related international flows of services atomic number 18 difficult to identify. Basic statistics on international trade normally do not record smuggled goods or international flows of illegal services. A polished fraction of the smuggl ed goods and illegal services whitethorn nevertheless be included in authoritative trade statistics through dummy up shipments or dummy declarations that serve to conceal the illegal nature of the activities. offset of trade Balance of trade represents a end in grade for import and tradeing for a country.A country has demand for an import when municipal quantity demanded exceeds home(prenominal) quantity supplied, or when the monetary value of the good (or service) on the world merchandise is less than the damage on the home(prenominal) market. The balance of trade, familiarly denoted NX, is the difference between the value of the goods (and services) a country exports and the value of the goods the country imports NX = X ? I, or equivalently I = X ? NX A trade deficit occurs when imports are large relative to exports. Imports are impacted in the first place by a countrys income and its crossroadive resources.For example, the US imports fossil oil from Canada even though the US has oil and Canada uses oil. However, consumers in the US are willing to pay more for the marginal barrel of oil than Canadian consumers are, because in that stance is more oil demanded in the US than on that point is oil produced. In macroeconomic theory, the value of imports I advise be musical modeled as a function of the interior(prenominal) absorption A and the accredited exchange pace ?. These are the devil largest factors of imports and they both affect imports positively I = I(A,? ) Types of import in that location are two basic grammatical cases of import 1. industrial and consumer goods 2. Intermediate goods and servicesCompanies import goods and services to translate to the domestic market at a cheaper price and better quality than competing goods manufactured in the domestic market. Companies import overlaps that are not agreeressable in the topical anaesthetic market. There are three broad types of importers 1. Looking for some(prenominal) harvest-tide around the world to import and cheat on. 2. Looking for unlike sourcing to get their produces at the cheapest price. 3. Using orthogonal sourcing as part of their global supply chain. consider-import refers to a type of avocation importation involving a major retailer (e. g. Wal-Mart) and an overseas manufacturing moving in.A retailer typically purchases harvest-times send offed by local anaesthetic companies that give notice be manufactured overseas. In a coordinate-import program, the retailer bypasses the local supplier (colloquial middle-man) and buys the final product bringly from the manufacturer, possibly saving in added be. This type of note is fairly recent and adopts the trends of the global economy. mapping of the Internet Many online auction websites are in good order off providing wholesalers through a wholesale list, generally, the lists that require a fee to view, whitethorn not be updated frequently, the entropy whitethorn be old, and the companies listed whitethorn no hourlong be in argumentation.Another work on of online middlemen are B2B trade companies. These cater mainly to big backupes who are importing large quantities of goods from conflicting countries. They in any case gather in sister sites that serve smaller orders for small commercees. In addressing the concerns of listed companies legitimacy and depend exponent, such B2B portals whitethorn inspect suppliers at their actual premises before they list suppliers. Alternatively, these companies may in any case branch out of cyberspace and work up their consume sourcing fairs, where thousands of buyers and suppliers feces meet face-to-face. Statistical infoData on the value of imports and their quantities frequently broken in d admit by detailed lists of products are available in statistical collections on international trade published by the statistical services of inter political sympathiesal organizations (e. g. UNSTAT, FAOSTAT, OECD ), supranational statistical institutes (e. g. Eurostat) and national statistical institutes. Exports The definition of export is when you trade something out of the country. In economics, an export is any good or commodity, transported from one country to another country in a legitimate work, typically for use in trade.In national accounts exports consist of exertions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. The exact definition of exports includes and excludes specific borderline cases. A general delimitation of exports in national accounts is given below An export of a good occurs when on that point is a change of self-command from a resident to a non-resident this does not necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses the frontier. However, in specific cases national accounts impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no change of ownership takes place (e. . cross border financial leasing, cross bo rder deliveries between affiliates of the same enterprise, goods crossing the border for signifi movet work ating to order or repair). excessively smuggled goods must be included in the export measurement. Export of services consist of all services rendered by residents to non-residents. In national accounts any direct purchases by non-residents in the economic territory of a country are recorded as exports of services therefore all expenditure by in charm tourists in the economic territory of a country is considered as part of the exports of services of that country.Also international flows of illegal services must be included. regale Methods of export include a product or good or information beingness mailed, hand-delivered, shipped by air, shipped by boat, uploaded to an internet site, or downloaded from an internet site. Exports as well as include the distri simplyion of information that can be sent in the form of an email, an email attachment, a fax or can be shared dur ing a telephone conversation. Advantages of export possession advantages are the fasts specific assets, international experience, and the ability to excogitate either low-cost or diametriciated products deep down the contacts of its value chain.The vocational advantages of a particular market are a combination of market potential drop and investment happen. Internationalization advantages are the make headways of retaining a sum total competence within the confederacy and threading it though the value chain rather than obtain to license, outsource, or administer it. In relation to the Eclectic paradigm, companies that have low directs of ownership advantages either do not enter extraneous markets. If the union and its products are equipped with ownership advantage and internalization advantage, they enter through low- attempt modes such as exporting.Exporting requires significantly lower train of investment than other modes of international expansion, such as FDI. As you might expect, the lower risk of export typically results in a lower rate of return on sales than possible though other modes of international business. In other words, the usual return on export sales may not be tremendous, but neither is the risk. Exporting allows managers to exercise operation control but does not provide them the option to exercise as lots market control.An exporter normally resides far from the end consumer and often enlists different intermediaries to manage marketing activities. Disadvantages of exporting For Small-and-Medium Enterprises (SME) with less than 250 employees, transmiting goods and services to foreign markets seems to be more difficult than serving the domestic market. The lack of acquaintance for trade regulations, heathenish differences, different languages and foreign-exchange situations as healthy as the strain of resources and staff interact like a block for exporting.Indeed there are some SMEs which are exporting, but nearly two- third of them sell in only to one foreign market. The by-line assumption delivers the main disfavours Financial way lawsuit To minimize the risk of exchange-rate fluctuation and transactions touch ones of export activity the financial steering needs more capacity to cope the major effort node demand International guests demand more services from their vendor like installation and startup of equipment, concern or more delivery services. Communication technologies makeion The improvement of communication technologies in recent historic period enable the customer to interact with more suppliers opus receiving more information and cheaper communications cost at the same time like 20 old age ago. This leads to more transparency. The vendor is in duty to follow the real-time demand and to submit all transaction details. guidance mistakes The counseling might tap in some of the organizational pitfalls, like poor infusion of oversea agents or distributors or chaotic glo bal organization. Ways of exportingThe ships confederacy can make up ones mind to export directly or indirectly to a foreign country. carry on selling in export strategy Direct selling involves sales representatives, distributors, or retailers who are located outside the exporters home country. Direct exports are goods and services that are sold to an sovereign party outside of the exporters home country. chiefly the companies are pushed by core competencies and improving their performance of value chain. Direct selling through distributors It is considered to be the close popular option to companies, to develop their own international marketing capability.This is achieved by charging personnel from the companionship to give them great control over their trading operations. Direct selling also give the association greater control over the marketing function and the opportunity to earn more profits. In other cases where vane of sales representative, they company can tran sfer them sole(prenominal) rights to sell in a particular geographical region. A distributor in a foreign country is a merchant who purchases the product from the manufacturer and sells them at profit. Distributors commonly carry stock parentage and service the product, and in most cases distributes deals with retailers rather than end users.Evaluating Distributors The size and capabilities of its sales force. Its sales record. An analysis of its territory. Its veritable product mix. Its facilities and equipment. Its marketing polices. Its customer profit. Its promotional strategy. Direct selling through foreign retailers and end users Exporters can also sell directly to foreign retailers. Usually, products are limited to consumer lines it can also sell to direct end users. A good way to beat such sales is by printing catalogs or attending trade shows. Direct selling over the InternetElectronic commerce is an weighty mean to small and big companies all over the world, to trade internationally. We already can see how important E-commerce is for marketing growth among exporters companies in emerging economies, in order to overcome capital and nucleotide barriers. E-commerce eased engagements, provided scurrying and cheaper delivery of information, generates quick feedback on new products, improves customer service, accesses a global audience, levels the field of view of companies, and support electronics information interchange with suppliers and customers. Indirect sellingIndirect exports, is only if selling goods to or through an independent domestic intermediary in their own home county. Then intermediaries export the products to customers foreign markets. Making the export stopping point Once a company determines it has exportable products, it must still consider other factors, such as the side by side(p) What does the company want to work from exporting? Is exporting consistent with other company intentions? What demands will expo rt place on the companys key resources focusing and personnel, deed capacity, and finance and how will these demands be met? argon the expected benefits worth the costs, or would company resources be better utilise for developing new domestic business? Challenges Exporting to foreign countries poses challenges not found in domestic sales. With domestic sales, manufacturers typically sell to wholesalers or direct to retailer or even direct to consumers. When exporting, manufacturers may have to sell to importers who then in turn sell to wholesalers. Extra layer(s) in the chain of distribution squeezes margins and manufacturers may need to crack lower prices to importers than to domestic wholesalers.Franchising Why choose franchising? Although more a(prenominal) people dream around kick the bucketning their own business, few actually possess the experience or the capital needed to turn that dream into a reality. Franchising however, is a comfortable alternative to running a business entirely on your own. After acquire a right license, youre ready to set up a business for yourself but not by yourself. What is franchising? The term franchising can describe some very different business positions. It is important to infrastand on the dot what youre being offered. Advantages Independence You are your own boss, the business success depends on you and you will spend a big part of your life surrounded by learning children. picpicMinimized risk A concourse of experience business people with a vested interest in your success is waiting to guide you through the process From writing a yearly Business Plan, through choosing the top hat marketing tactics to defining your commercial goals. Brand recognition Helen Doron Early English is an internationally ac friendshipd and respected blur, granting you a strong position in the market from day one. Thorough fosterage Our intensive training courses prepare you with the highest level of organizational, bu siness, administrative and pedagogic know-how. On Going support horizontal after the first few months, the business team is always there to offer advice and support. Educational excellence Teaching English to children with the Helen Doron Early English mode ensures that your students will be fluent speakers and thus have access to better education and professions Disadvantages Costs may be higher than you expect.As well as the initial costs of buying the franchise, you pay proceed management service fees and you may have to agree to buy products from the franchisor. The franchise agreement usually includes restrictions on how you run the business. You might not be able to make changes to suit your local market. The franchisor might go out of business. Other franchisees could give the brand a bad reputation. You may find it difficult to sell your franchise you can only sell it to psyche approved by the franchisor. All profits are shared with the franchisorBusiness format franchise This is the most common form of franchising. A true business format franchise occurs when the owner of a business (the franchisor) grants a licence to another person or business (the franchisee) to use their business idea often in a specific geographical area. The franchisee sells the franchisors product or services, trades chthonian the franchisors trade mark or trade denote and benefits from the franchisors help and support. In return, the franchisee usually pays an initial fee to the franchisor and then a persona of the sales revenue.The franchisee owns the outlet they run. But the franchisor keeps control over how products are marketed and sold and how their business idea is used. long-familiar businesses that offer franchises of this kind include Prontaprint, Dyno-Rod and McDonalds. Other types of arrangement Different types of sales relationships are also somemultiplication referred to as franchises. For example Distributorship and dealership you sell t he product but dont usually trade infra the franchise name. You have more freedom over how you run the business. Agency you sell goods or services on behalf of the supplier. Licensee you have a licence giving you the right to make and sell the licensors product. There are usually no extra restrictions on how you run your business. Multi-level marketing Some businesses offer franchises that are really multi-level marketing. free-lance distributors sell goods on a manufacturers behalf. You get outfit on any sales you make, and also on sales made by other distributors you recruit. Be aware that some multi-level marketing schemes may be dishonest or illegal Pizza hovel Are your core business processes falling through the cracks in a flood of E-mail? Does your small or long suit business have to coordinate with people in several(prenominal) other companies and with freelancers? not sure where work is acquire stuck in the occupation? Ever forgotten to send or chase up an invoic e? Its a ordinary that business owners should work on their business, not in it. Businesses need architecting and structuring in the same way as software does, so that they can run without you the silk hat way to do that is through careful design and automation of the underlying processes. Becoming a subdivision of the New Rich is not just near working smarter.Its about structure a system to replace yourself. Tim Ferriss, The 4-Hour Work Week The national of Business solve Modeling has long been seen as the preserve of enterprises, who invest tens of thousands of dollars and many man-months in building complex installed systems designed to manage thousands of employees. But the same techniques, made much more affordable and simple, are just as important for small and medium businesses, particularly as these companies rely more and more on home workers and get distributed across quadruple countries and time-zones.Process modeling and automation can be affordable and simple, with Rain flow, a cloud based Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) process design and execution platform. Rain course allows you quickly build a set of processes that dont stop at your companys boundaries Pretend that your business is going to serve as the model for 5,000 more just like it Michael E. Gerber, The E-myth Revisited Process automation ensures that tasks dont fall through the cracks Import processes from our Pre-defined Process Library, covering a variety of common needs (invoicing, memorandum approval, support etc. Import your contacts from G mail or observatory and hold your own Org-Chart Customize or create brand new processes using our online graphic Process Design Tool Automatically generate musical accompaniment for the processes, a great first step towards ISO 9001 obligingness Low monthly fee dont get hammered every time you add a col labor movementator Investors invest in good systems and people who can build good systems. Investors do not like to invest in businesses where the system, goes home at night. Robert Kiyosaki, Rich Dads address to Investing Tasks are automatically assigned to employees, freelancers and even workers in other companies Customizable E-mail alerts and reminders Web-based UI for all participants show their current tasks and processes, wherever they access from Managers get an overview of what processes are in operation, where they get stuck and how they can be meliorate Franchising Conclusion The franchising can give you a good start into the entry of the business for some people, sometimes entirely new running any business of their own.All you need to do is to follow the already exist formula with the training, advice and marketing. But, you are still expend some of your life savings. So it is best to do research before you invest and take the advice of experienced professionals. For the franchisors, to be this experienced advice is as least beneficial, for without it, they may have an unsuccessful f ranchise but they will also put their whole business in a bad position and place their livelihoods, lifesavings and all of their franchisees in danger. LicensingAn arrangement where by one company allows another company to use its brand name, trade-mark, engineering science, patent, secure or other assets in exchange for a royally based on sales. A company may prefer to arrange for a foreign company to manufacture or market its products under a licensing agreement. Factor that may lead to this purpose include excessive transportation costs, government regulations and home production costs. ? Licensed a legal document giving official permission to do something. ? Having been issued with a license by the required authority. License is Aya Uetos fourth Japanese solo studio album. ? liberty to deviate deliberately from normally applicable rules or practice. Securing a patent license or an contrivance license is hard, frustration and the consuming. The all ration of licensing trade mark for business intention. Appears to be at an all time high mostly in the fashion area, where by customers are buying more licence products and brand names than ever before. For example Coca-cola is licensing company. Coca-cola companys detailsCoca-cola Hellenic was a broach foreign investor in Belarus first licensing a local manufacture in 1994 and than setting up its own production facilities in 1997. Its original us $42 jillion investment was the first green field emergence in Belarus by a foreign investor. Today, after almost us $ 120 million of investment, Coca-cola Hellanic has four production lines in Belarus producing Coca-cola, Fanta, Sprite, Schweppes, local brand Frunktime. In the summer and over Christmas the lines run 24 hours a day and it employs 550 people in its manufacturing gallery quarters and across its nation wide sales, warehouse and distribution network.Because of its early entry to the market, Coca-cola Helenic now has more or less 25% of rapidly on togeny soft drinks market in Belarus. Coca-cola Hellenic also plays an active case in helping the government improve the business climate in Belarus through its founding member ship of the foreign investment advisory council. Coca-colas task environment Competitor Pepsi cola septette up 8 Inca Kola strategical participator Wash vile Coca-cola system evolution providers Human right alert covalence SA Coca-cola trading companyCustomers Coca-cola Global History of Bottling Regulations organisation Licensing is leasing a legally protected property like trade marked or copy righted name, logo, likeness, character, pronounce or design to another party in combination with a product service or promotion. It is a process which lays stress on consumer management, development of brand uprightness in the with international imagery, providing right shopping air and perhaps is less about manufacturing. Advantages of Licensing 1. An stratagem incentive-We believe that having a stake in a products actual commercial success unleashes the ultimate incentive for the inventor and results in the best design solutions. A licensing agreement accomplishes this by honour an inventor with a reasonable royalty for his or her. 2. A product head start- The times and money that a company normally spends on the R & D phase can sort of be invested in a products a fictive resource and a business ally,. 3. Fair & equilibrate - The royally can very with each product in order to consider such factors as the licenses to be ling, manufacturing and promotional expense. produce Exclusivity A license can grant to a manufacture exclusive right to make and sell products relating to the license and any associated patents. 4. Licensing is often the best bet for an ancestry. 5. Licensing is less risky for inventory because the license arrogate all business task 6. little dearly-won and inventory to spend more time inventing. 7. Less money and offers freedom to live and work any where. Disadvantages 1. Very few inventors can retire and their inventory royalties. 2. If license invention only receive a small percentage of sales. 3.Potential pay of for licensing an invention is much smaller that introduction. License is a process which lays stress on consumer management, development of brand equity in the international imagery, providing right shopping ambience and perhaps is less about manufacturing. Licensing is away of growing with an already riged brand. It provides the brand recall benefit, which are not achievable is case one comes out with a brand new image. There are many types of licensing business like art & design, somatic brands, events, fashion brand, food & drinks. Strategic AlliancesElmuti and Kathawala (2001) and nuts et al. (2008) exempt that a strategic alignment consists of companies who do business together to reach each companys strategic goals. Wild et al. (2008) state that strategic compacts are similar to reefer ventures since they can t ake place for a short period of time up to several months, depending on the strategic goals. ensample 1 Motorola initially found it very difficult to gain access to the Japanese cellular telephone market in the mid 1980s as the firm complained loudly about formal and informal Japanese trade barriers.The turning point for Motorola came in 1987 when it assort itself with Toshiba to build microprocessor. As part of this deal, Toshiba provided Motorola with marketing help, including some of its best managers. This helped Motorola in the political game of securing government approval to enter Japanese market and getting radio frequencies assigned for its mobile communications systems (Hill, 2006). Example 2 In 2003, Microsoft and Toshiba established an alliance aimed at developing embedded microprocessors that can perform a variety of entertainment functions in an automobile.The processors will run a version of Microsofts Windows CE run system. Microsoft brings its software engineeri ng skills to the alliance and Toshiba its skills in developing microprocessors (Hill, 2006). Example 3 In 1999, typewriter ribbon Computer, the take maker of personal digital assistance entered into an alliance with Sony under which Sony agree to license and use Palms operating system in Sony PDAs. The motive for the alliance was in part to help establish Palms operating system as the industry standard for PDAs, as opposed to a rival Windows based operating system from Microsoft (Hill, 2006).Elmuti and Kathawala (2001) and Wild et al. (2008) also explain that a strategic alliance can give a company several advantages. Advantages of Strategic Alliances Reduction of costs Decreased financial and economic risks Getting a glimpse of the others competitive advantages such as technology Getting access to the others market and distribution channel Disadvantages of Strategic Alliances The primary disadvantage of strategic alliances is that it can create disagreements between the comp anies which can create a future competitor (Wild et al. 008). fit hazard A join venture is when two or more firms establish a new firm that is voicely owned, but sometimes one company has a majority share. The main reason to use a pronounce venture as entry mode is that the companies share the risk and costs amongst them. But there is also the benefit of entering a market with a company from the armament country as they have experience of doing business in that specific country. The local alliance render has a firsthand knowledge of the political and cultural system in the host country.In some countries, this is the only entry mode possible for companies callable to political and legal policies that prohibit foreign ownership (Hill, 2006). Example 1 The Adidas Group and Vulcabras SA have agreed to form a pronounce venture company with Reebok International Ltd to distribute Reebok footwear, apparel and accessories in brazil nut and Paraguay. Financial details were not disclo sed, but under the terms of the agreement Pedro Grendene Bartelle will be death chair and chairman of the new joint venture company, which will be governed by a board of directors to be comprised of Reebok and Vulcabras executives.The joint venture agreement expires at the end of 2015 (Globe Business Publishing Ltd, 2008). Example 2 Toshiba retention Device Division has introduced its new DVD ROM, which is the first drive to ship from the new Toshiba Samsung Storage engine room (TSST) joint venture. Headquartered in Japan, the TSST joint venture involves product and business planning, product development, procurement and sales for ocular disk-drives, including CD-ROM, CD Recordable, DVD Recordable and DVD-ROM drives. The organization is 51 percent owned by Toshiba and 49 ercent owned by Samsung and has combined annual sales exceeding $1. 8 billion (eMedia Asia Ltd, 2008). Example 3 Sony Ericsson Mobile communications AB is a joint venture between Ericsson and Sony. It offers mob ile communications products for people who appreciate the possibilities of goodish technology. Established in 2001 by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson and Sony Corporation, the joint venture continues to build on the success of its two innovative parent companies. Sony Ericsson creates value for its operator customers by bringing new ways of using multimedia system communications while mobile.The companys management is based in London, and has 4,000 employees across the globe working on research, development, design, sales, marketing, distribution and support Advantages of Joint Venture Wild et al. (2008) state that using a joint venture while entering a country decreases the risk since the exposure is reduced to the parts of the company they have contributed to the joint venture. Joint ventures can also provide an access to the other partners distribution channels. However, Wild et al. (2008) and Osland et al. 2001) further point out that joint ventures can create disagreements be tween the owners and a loss of control when one owner has knowledge or information that the other lacks. Disadvantages of Joint Venture There are several disadvantages with a joint venture. As in every partnership there is a possibility that friction will occur. It can easily be conflicts in a joint venture in questions of investments and corporate goals. There is also the possibility of a power struggle in order to gain control.Joint venture also has some disadvantages similar to licensing as it can reduce the ability to achieve experience curve economies and location advantages. The risk of losing control of the companys specific assets such as technological know-how may also occur (Hill, 2006). extraneous Direct Investment Foreign direct investment occurs when a firm headquartered in one country builds or purchases operating facilities or subsidiaries in a foreign country. The foreign operations then become wholly owned subsidiaries of the firm. For example, crossings acquisition of Jaguar, Volvo and Kia.Dell Computers new factory in china is a direct investment. A major reason many firms make foreign direct investments is to capitalize on lower labor costs. In other words, the goal is often to transfer production to locations where labor is cheap. Japanese businesses have moved much of their production to Thailand because labor costs are much lower there than in Japan. There are two strategies used in foreign direct investment. 1. Brownfield 2. Greenfield Brownfield Investment When a company or government entity purchases or leases lively production facilities to launch a new production activity.For example, BANGLALINK Banglalink Banglalink is the second largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after Grameenphone. In September 2004, Orascom telecom retention purchase 100% of the share of Sheba Telecom (Pvt. ) Ltd. Sheba had a base of 59000 users, of whom 49000 were regular when it was sold. Afterward it was re-branded and launched its service und er the Banglalink brand on February 10, 2005. The task environments of Banglalink are Competitors Grameen Aktel Warid Citycell Teletalk Customers item-by-item consumers Institutional customersSuppliers Siemens Wholesale parts processors advancement manufacturers Strategic partners BTRC Nokia-Siemens Network Regulators BRTC Securities and Exchange commission law department Greenfield Investment A Greenfield investment is the investment in a manufacturing, office, or other physical company related structure or group of structures in an area where no previous facilities exist. Greenfield expend is usually offered as an alternative to another form of investment such as merger and acquisition, joint venture or licensing agreement.Greenfield investing is often mentioned in the context of Foreign Direct Investment. For example Warid Telecom Warid Telecom Warid Telecom International Ltd. is a GSM based cellular operator in Bangladesh. Warid was the sixth mobile phone ca rrier to enter the Bangladesh market and launched commercial operation on May 10, 2007. Warid telecom international LLC an Abu Dhabi based consortium, sold a majority 70% stake in the company to Indians Bharti Airtel Ltd. for US $300 million. The task environments of Warid are Competitors Grameen Aktel Citycell Teletalk Banglalink Customers various(prenominal) consumers Institutional customers Suppliers Samsung Wholesale parts processors Packaging manufacturers Strategic partners BTRC Samsung Network Regulators BRTC Securities and Exchange commission Police department Like the other approaches for increasing a firms level of internationalization, direct investment carries with it a number of advantages and disadvantages. They are discussed below Advantages of foreign direct investmentEnhanced control In foreign direct investment managerial control is more complete and profits do not have to be shared as they do in joint ventures. Existing foot Existing infrastructur e is another advantages of foreign direct investment. Purchasing an existing organization provides additional benefits is that the human resources and organizational infrastructure are already in place. Consume the cost of introducing a new brand Acquisition is also a way to purchase the brand name identification of a product.This could be particularly important if the cost of introducing a new brand is high. Disadvantages of foreign direct investment Complexity Complexity is one of the disadvantages of foreign direct investment. In decision do it creates great complexity. Greater economic and political risk In this approach a firm starts business in foreign country in greater economic and political risk. Greater uncertainty Foreign direct investments have some advantage but the firm work in greater uncertainty. Management ContractWild et al. (2008) explain that a management indenture is when one business gives another managerial expertise. The authors further point out that manage ment contracts are often used by the public domain moreover. This entry mode is not used on a one time basis but rather during an extended time period. There are several advantages to gain by using management contracts as an entry mode, for example international business opportunities can arise and there may be an increase of expertise of local workers.This entry mode reduces the exposure and risk of losing physical assets, however the employees may still be exposed to risks and management contracts can create a future competitor in the local market. Conclusion From the above discussion following conclusion can be drawn In symmetry with the view of (Hill, 2006) managers of international businesses need to think about that foreign manufacture can improve their capabilities over time, and this can be of immense strategic benefit to the firm. Rather than viewing foreign assembly process as sweatshops where unskilled labor churns out low cost goods, manager need to view them as ote ntial centers of excellence and to encourage and foster attempts by local managers to upgrade the capabilities of their factories and thereby, foreign assembly can serve as a source of competitive advantage. And the various case studies discussed in the easy supports this statement. In accordance with the view of (Lankford & Parsa, 1999), contract manufacturing can enable an organization to gain competitive advantage when products or services are produced more effectively and efficiently by outside suppliers.The advantages in contract manufacturing can be operational, strategic, or both. Operational advantages usually provide for short trouble avoidance, while strategic advantages offer long contributions in maximizing opportunities. However, suggestions of (Harland et al. 2005) cannot be under estimated who suggested that the visitation to manage outsourcing relationships properly, perhaps through service level agreements, may reduce customer service, levels of control and cont act with the international customers and suppliers. Finally it may be mentioned that it is appropriate to use contract manufacturing or foreign assembly within an international marketing strategy when risk factors are identified and dealt with precision and careful strategic analysis. Appropriateness of embedding contract manufacturing and foreign assembly within an international marketing strategy depends of how precisely an organization can manage multiple relationships in different environmental context and gain competitive advantage.The main goal of foreign manufacturing and foreign assembly process is to increase and sustain the organizational competency. As utter in the discussion that the rationale behind establishing a foreign manufacturing facility, the strategic role of foreign factories can evolve over time and success of such strategy depends on the organizations ability to respond in the ever changing global environment.